#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define GG ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0);
int main () { GG;
string s;
cin>>s; int n=s.size(),lb=0,ans=0;
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{ if(s[i]=='(') lb++;
else if(lb>0)
{lb--; ans++;
}
}
cout<<ans*2<<"\n";
return 0;}
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